Тест 122. Чтение. ЕГЭ по английскому языку


1) Установите соответствие между заголовками 1 — 8 и текстами A — G. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Natural habitat
2. A danger to pandas
3. All of them alike
4. A variety of pandas
5. A food favourite
6. Better alone
7. Conservation issues
8. How do pandas communicate?

A. Giant pandas are bears that are native to China, where they are considered a national treasure. Despite their exalted status, giant panda populations are vulnerable: fewer than 1,900 live in the wild. About 300 live in zoos around the world. When the latest assessment was made in 2014, the population of the giant panda appeared to be increasing. There are 67 panda reserves in China that protect around two thirds of giant pandas in the wild and more than 50% of the giant panda’s habitat, according to the World Wildlife Fund.

B. For many years, scientists wondered whether pandas were a type of bear, raccoon or something all their own. But plenty of genetic studies have made it clear that pandas are a type of bear. Also called great pandas, parti-coloured or bamboo bears, giant pandas are distinguished from other pandas by their large size and black-and-white colouring. Their bold colouring provides camouflage, as a result, giant pandas are nearly invisible in dense patches of bamboo, according to the Smithsonian National Zoo.

C. A giant panda’s appetite for bamboo is insatiable. Bamboo is relatively low in nutrients, that is why pandas have to eat much of it. In order to get a variety of nutrients, pandas eat various parts of the bamboo plant and will seek out bamboo that is sprouting new shoots and leaves as they contain higher amounts of nutrients at different times of the year. Sometimes there is not enough bamboo around to sustain large bears, so giant pandas will occasionally supplement their diet with rodents, fish, insects or birds.

D. In the wild, giant pandas are only found in the remote, mountainous regions of central China, in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, according to the National Zoo. In these areas, between 5,000 and 10,000 feet elevation, there are cool, wet bamboo forests that serve as home for giant pandas. The large bears make their dens from hollowed-out logs or stumps of conifer trees found within the forest. In the summer, giant pandas will climb 13,000 feet up the mountains of their home area to feed.

E. For the most part, giant pandas are loners. They dislike being around other pandas so much that they have a heightened sense of smell that lets them know when another panda is nearby so it can be avoided, according to the National Geographic. If they do come in contact with one another, they will growl, swat and bite each other until one gives up and leaves. On average, the giant panda’s territory is about 1.9 square miles (5 square kilometres), which is large enough to avoid unwilling contacts.

F. Pandas are the most vocal of all bear species, according to the San Diego Zoo. A bleat, similar to the sound of a lamb or a goat kid would make, is one of the most distinctive vocalizations of the giant panda, and is typically used as a greeting. Other vocalizations include honks, huffs, barks and growls, while cubs often croak and squeal. Giant pandas are known to be noisy, curious and playful. Even in captivity, they are often found playing noisily with enrichment items, such as toys and puzzles.

G. The giant panda is considered vulnerable to extinction under the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. One of the main threats to the giant panda’s survival is the population of feral dogs that roam the forests where pandas live. Packs of dogs will hunt pandas. Even if dogs do not succeed in killing a panda, they can transfer diseases to the bears. These large bears are not particularly agile or swift creatures, so their primary escape route is up. If they can’t make it up a tree, they will get injured or killed.

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2) Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A — F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1 — 7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя.

Aurora
The cruiser Aurora is a museum in St. Petersburg. It is a former Russian naval ship that has played an important part in the country’s history.

The Aurora was built between 1897 and 1900 at the Admiralty shipyard in St. Petersburg. The cruiser was one of the largest ships of its time. After its construction was complete, the Aurora took its place as part of the Russian 2nd Squadron in the Pacific Ocean. In May 1905, it took part in the Battle of Tsushima and was one of just a few Russian ships ___ (A). After the battle in the Baltic, it returned to St. Petersburg ___ (B).

The ship served during World War I. When it returned to St. Petersburg in 1916 for major repairs, the city was on the edge of revolution ___ (C) the 1917 February Revolution. Soon the Aurora was to play a huge part in the October revolution. The ship is famous for firing the shot ___ (D) the Winter Palace.

Once again in 1922, the Aurora served as a training ship. During World War II, the ship’s guns were removed to use for land defense. Unfortunately, being left defenseless it was sunk in Leningrad harbour to keep it from ___ (E). The ship was brought back to the surface in 1944 and later, after extensive repairs, it was permanently anchored at the harbour and became a museum in 1957.

The Aurora is now maintained by cadets from the nearby Nakhimov Navy School. Admission is free to the public, ___ (F) a small fee.

1. and many crew members joined
2. and became a cadet training ship
3. that survived the intense naval battle
4. that signaled the prepared attack on
5. protecting the territory of the harbour
6. falling into the hands of the Germans
7. though a visit to the engine room carries

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3) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

The author thinks using a bike now is easier because of …
1) prices for bikes.
2) improved weather.
3) environmental laws.
4) roads free of cars.



4) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

What does the author most probably refer to calling parking a bit of a hassle in “… parking in our city can be a bit of a hassle” (paragraph 2)?
1) High costs of parking.
2) Paying parking fines.
3) Finding a place to park.
4) Complaints from students.



5) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

According to the text, the prices for gas in the author’s region …
1) are higher than in other regions.
2) are lower than last year.
3) are almost the same as for parking.
4) have considerably increased.



6) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the article as a benefit of cycling for health?
1) Keeping in shape.
2) Feeling happier.
3) Training your muscles.
4) Curing mental diseases.



7) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

It is implied that the author’s city …
1) needs more places to bike.
2) is well-equipped for cyclists.
3) has a lot of extra signs.
4) is building new cycle lanes.



8) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

What does the author say about bike theft?
1) It is police officers’ job to protect bikes from being stolen.
2) Complex measures should be taken to protect bikes.
3) Protection of a bike is totally its owner’s responsibility.
4) Using official parking areas is enough to avoid theft.



9) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

The main goal of the article is to …
1) encourage readers to rent a bike.
2) discuss the drawbacks of cycling.
3) get people to choose cycling over driving.
4) advise on how to avoid bike theft.