Тест 120. Чтение. ЕГЭ по английскому языку


1) Установите соответствие между заголовками 1 — 8 и текстами A — G. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Losing habitat
2. Helping cheetahs
3. Natural surroundings
4. What does a cheetah look like?
5. Sign language
6. Setting speed records
7. Unique hunting habits
8. How can cheetahs speak?

A. Adult cheetahs are, on average, 2.5 feet tall at the shoulder, and up to nearly 5 feet long from head to rump, with their tails adding another 26 to 33 inches. Typically, these large cats weigh between 75 and 140 pounds. Cheetahs have black spots scattered across their tan coats. Their spots are evenly distributed across the body. Cheetahs’ spotted coats help them blend into the environment when resting, stalking prey and hiding from predators. Like a human fingerprint, these markings are unique from cat to cat.

B. Cheetahs’ long, slender bodies, powerful legs and flexible spine enable them to fully stretch their bodies when they sprint and cover significant ground – around 20 to 22 feet per stride. Cheetahs have been known to accelerate from 0 to 45 mph (72 km/h) in just 2.5 seconds. For comparison, the fastest cars in the world can accelerate from 0 to 60 mph (97 km/h) in 3.5 seconds. The fastest a human can run is about 28 mph (45 km/h), which means it’s impossible for a person to outrun a cheetah on foot.

C. Cheetahs are native to Africa and Asia, although the Asiatic cheetah has become all but extinct. According to the African Wildlife Foundation, the large cats currently only inhabit about 10 % of their historic range, and are primarily found in North Africa, the Sahel (the region between the Sahara Desert and the Sudanian savanna), eastern Africa (Kenya and Tanzania), and southern Africa (Namibia and Botswana). A small population also lives in Iran, where they are critically endangered.

D. Cheetahs do not have one home location where they seek shelter day in and day out. Instead, these nomadic cats have home territories or ranges – expanses of grasslands, savannas, forest land and mountainous terrain, ranging from 5 to over 300 square miles (13 to over 780 square kilometres) in size, which they regularly roam, according to the Smithsonian National Zoo. When cheetahs are not actively hunting, they prefer to sleep and rest in tall grasses, under trees, or on rocky outposts.

E. Cheetahs are carnivores, or meat-eaters, whose typical prey are small to medium-size animals, such as birds, hares, warthogs, gazelles and young wildebeest. During daybreak and dusk, cheetahs spend their time stalking and catching prey. Because their teeth are short compared to other big cats, cheetahs do not go for the throat right away in an attack. Instead, they suffocate their prey by clamping down on the animal’s throat with their strong jaws. Despite being carnivores, cheetahs are the shyest of the big cats.

F. Unlike other large cats, cheetahs can’t roar. But they can purr just like cats. Compared with other big cats, such as lions, tigers and leopards, cheetahs have a wide vocabulary. In addition to purring, they are able to produce a large range of vocal cues, such as chirping, hissing, yelping and an “eeaow” sound, which is similar to a cat’s meow. Each vocalization has a specific meaning. Various types of chirping, for example, could be a mother giving instructions to her cubs, or a female trying to attract a male.

G. The cheetahs’ steep population decline is tied to habitat loss, human conflict, illegal trade and poaching. Conservation efforts are underway to try and support the population rebound. Groups, such as the African Wildlife Foundation and the Cheetah Conservation Fund, work locally with communities near cheetah populations to create sustainable solutions for agriculture and population growth, so that both the cats and humans have sufficient space. Protected areas and wildlife parks save cheetahs too.

ABCDEFG
       




2) Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A — F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1 — 7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя.

Russian souvenirs
When you travel to Russia, you will undoubtedly want to bring back a memento from your trip, not to mention small souvenirs for important people back home. It’s very easy in Russia to fall ___ (A) Matryoshka dolls from one of the massive souvenir markets. If you’re travelling on a budget, you don’t have to hunt ___ (B) magnet. Choose one of these interesting, unique, and truly Russian gifts instead.

Russia makes some incredible candy and chocolate, and you can find these for sale in almost any Russian shop. Sometimes you can even ___ (C) the shop there. You can’t go wrong with Russian candy, but be careful, don’t go for the cheapest kind of chocolate, and obviously don’t buy anything that is clearly not Russian.

Another option is “Valenki”: traditional Russian winter boots, made out of sheep’s wool felt. They usually don’t ___ (D) grey felt, and are thus often worn with “galoshes”, or rubber boots. These days you can find valenki combined with rubber soles to make a real shoe. One way or ___ (E) Russia. They’re warm and they make great slippers and presents for babies and children.

Russia is also famous ___ (F) authentic and inexpensive gift would be a Russian classic. You can find Russian books in translation in many bookstores.

1. others bring cheap souvenirs from
2. visit the factory and buy chocolate in
3. have a hard sole, just one thick piece of
4. into the tourist trap of buying overpriced
5. around for the cheapest nesting doll set or
6. another, they are a gift straight out of historical
7. for its authors, poets, and playwrights, so a great

ABCDEF
      




3) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

Which fact about reading habits is FALSE, according to Paragraph 1?
1) In 2018 almost a quarter of the US population did not read books.
2) Adults in the US read half an hour a day for personal development.
3) Teenagers and adults spend less than 20 minutes reading for development.
4) During the previous year, more than a third of the citizens read more than before.



4) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

Unlike using social media, reading …
1) brings satisfaction.
2) educates the mind.
3) decreases stress levels.
4) reduces concentration.



5) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

To benefit from reading, it is necessary to …
1) concentrate on it for some time.
2) find a comfortable place.
3) increase the page count every day.
4) choose an interesting story.



6) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

Potent in Paragraph 6 (“… fiction may be even more potent at some point …”) most probably means …
1) powerful.
2) suitable.
3) relevant.
4) interesting.



7) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

Which advantage of reading is NOT mentioned in the text?
1) Understanding others.
2) Developing the brain.
3) Switching from reality.
4) Enriching your vocabulary.



8) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

This in Paragraph 8 (“This will help you deepen your critical thinking skills ...”) refers to …
1) developing memory while reading.
2) actively working with the text.
3) using margins for doodling.
4) reading to find necessary information.



9) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

The author wants to convince the reader that …
1) books have a greater impact than social networks.
2) reading is necessary for intellectual development.
3) reading is beneficial for personality and community.
4) one should share their books after reading them.