Тест 81. Чтение. ЕГЭ по английскому языку


1) Установите соответствие между заголовками 1 — 8 и текстами A — G. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Female bobsleighing
2. What you need for bobsleighing
3. Safety rules
4. Bobsleighing techniques
5. Participating countries
6. The dangers of bobsleighing
7. The newest rules
8. From the history of bobsleighing

A. Bobsleighing was originated in Switzerland. In the late 19th century, the Swiss first started doing it by attaching two skeleton sleighs together with a steering mechanism added to the front sleigh in order to control the direction. The first bobsleigh races took place in normal snow covered roads whereas the first bobsleighing club was founded in St. Moritz, Switzerland in 1897 and the first specially designed race track was developed outside of St. Moritz in 1902.

B. Bobsleighing is mostly played in Europe along with North America and Russia because of the proper climate for the icy track. The United States of America, Germany and Switzerland have long been the most successful bobsleighing nations based on their incredibly successful track record in all formats of competitive sports including World Cups and Olympic Championship. Presently, more than fifty countries take part in various international bobsleighing events all over the world.

C. Bobsleighing is considered the most expensive winter sport as the equipment used in it, including the safety equipment as well as bobsleigh parts, are quite costly. The most important equipment in bobsleighing is the sleigh. Besides this other protective guards are also used. The length of the sleigh must be a maximum of 3.80 metres (12.5 feet) for four-man sports and 2.70 metres (8.9 feet) in case of two-man sports. Bobsleigh crews are supposed to weigh heavy to ensure high speed.

D. In fact, two-man and four-man types of bobsleigh are very much similar. As weight plays a vital role for the speed of the sleigh, four-man sleighs are much faster than two-man types. However, even a simple mistake at the initial push-off or, say, during the steering, on decisions of the driver during the turns may largely affect the final race. The thing is, air passing through the sleigh slows the sleigh down. In order to avoid these drags, wind tunnels are usually added to the sleigh.

E. One may think bobsleighing is a risky sport but actually not only men are fond of it. Women do it too. In case of women bobsleighing, the sleighs for women were originally very much similar to those of men. But with time so many problems came out as women are shorter than men and many players injured their hips as well as back. These traumas prompted the organizers to change the interior sleigh designs for women bobsleighing. Now women can do it safely and successfully enough.

F. Bobsleighing competitions gather crowds of people who want to watch their favourite sportsmen compete with one another. However, even though bobsleighing is quite an interesting sport, the risks attached to it certainly cannot be avoided. Till now more than ninety three players have died in crashes or accidents during the game. In order to reduce the chances of accidents and to prevent the risks, officials have made certain rules and regulations about the uses of sleighs and the structure of the track.

G. There are a lot of risks connected with bobsleighing. Bobsleighers need to wear high tech plastic made helmets in order to prevent head injuries as well as goggles for eyes. Racers wear tight uniforms to increase aero-dynamicity and spiked shoes to gain traction on the ice. The brakeman wears a Kevlar vest in order to avoid third degree burns during the sleigh’s friction with ice. The next bobsleigh doesn’t start until the previous team has left the track because of security reasons.

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2) Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A — F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1 — 7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя.

Moscow Metro
The Moscow Metro is a rapid transit system serving Moscow and the neighbouring Moscow region towns of Krasnogorsk and Reutov. This is the second in intensity metro system in the world after the Tokyo subway. The system consists of 12 lines with a total length of 298.8 km, with 182 stations.

The first line was opened on May 15, 1935 ___ (A) to the station “Park Kultury”, with a branch to the station “Smolenskaya”. The Moscow Metro was originally named after L. Kaganovich. Almost from the first years of the Moscow Metro, it was intended ___ (B). In April 1941 it was declared ___ (C) a mass bomb shelter. During World War II thousands of Muscovites were hiding there from air strikes.

The Moscow Metro is known for the rich decorative design work of many stations with samples of art of socialist realism. Moscow metro stations are also called “underground palaces of Moscow” ___ (D). The underground complexes are decorated with statues and reliefs, monumental and decorative compositions such as paintings, mosaics and stained-glass windows, ___ (E) the country. For instance, stations “Pushkinskaya” and “Ploschad Revolyutsii” are decorated with 76 bronze sculptures by M. Manizer, and “Kropotkinskaya” ___ (F). Many stations belong to the most interesting monuments of architecture of 1930–1950. Some of them are officially protected by the state.

1. to be used for civil defence
2. that the Metro was to be used as
3. and ran from the station “Sokolniki”
4. as they look like magnificent palace halls
5. which were created by the leading artists of
6. which was considered a masterpiece of architecture
7. and “Komsomolskaya-Koltsevaya” with mosaics by P. Korin

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3) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

How did the author feel while searching the Internet?
1) Satisfied.
2) Pessimistic.
3) Energetic.
4) Frightened.



4) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

What does the author think about a university education?
1) Application process is very competitive.
2) Intelligent students benefit most from it.
3) It makes you sure about your future.
4) It doesn’t guarantee you a good job.



5) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

What does statistics show about graduate jobs?
1) The minority of students are content with their work.
2) The cleverest students ensure the best jobs.
3) Most of the graduates get low-qualified positions.
4) Graduates of elite universities get the highest salaries.



6) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

What worries the author about job application process?
1) Finding suitable work is time-consuming.
2) Arranging interviews is quite difficult.
3) You have to pay to improve your CV.
4) Applying for a job turns out rather expensive.



7) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

The expression “have slipped through employment net” (paragraph 5) is used to refer to
1) job applicants.
2) recent graduates.
3) working students.
4) employees in general.



8) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

Which option for graduates does the author NOT discuss?
1) Accepting an unsuitable position.
2) Continuing an unsuitable training.
3) Applying for non-degree jobs.
4) Taking money from a bank.



9) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

What conclusion does the author come to?
1) University education is no longer necessary.
2) Graduating from a university will benefit you anyway.
3) Careers fair is a good way to enter professional world.
4) The competition to get a job will be even tougher.