1) Установите соответствие между заголовками 1 — 8 и текстами A — G. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Staying together
2. True vegetarians
3. Home, sweet home
4. The image in culture
5. In need of protection
6. Is climate a killer?
7. Physical characteristics
8. Useful for centuries

A. Members of the deer family, which is quite large, have split hooves with 2 toes, and typically have long, slender legs and small tails – and most males have antlers. Deer species range from very large to very small. The smallest deer is the southern pudu. This deer weighs only 9 kilograms and is only about 36 centimetres tall when fully grown. The largest deer is the moose. It can be up to 2 metres tall, from hoof to shoulder, and weigh around 820 kilograms. All deer species have antlers, except for the Chinese water deer.

B. Some scientists think that reindeer were among the first domesticated animals. They were first domesticated around 2,000 years ago. For thousands of years, reindeer have provided the basis of life for many nations through meat and fat, skins for clothing, bedding and tents, sinew for sewing, and antlers for tools. Many societies in Arctic climate rely on these animals for food, clothing, and materials for shelter. For example, in Sweden, Finland and Russia, reindeer sustain herding communities that have always depended on these animals.

C. Deer species are found all over the world, except for Australia and Antarctica. While other continents have a wide array of deer, Africa only has one – the red deer. The southern pudu is native to Chile and Argentina. The white-tailed deer is common to North and South America. Deer are found in various ecosystems. They live in wetlands, deciduous forests, grasslands, rainforests and mountains. Sometimes, when human civilizations get too close to their habitats, deer will make themselves comfortable in urban settings.

D. Deer are very social creatures. They feed, travel and rest in groups called herds. These herds can include from 10 animals up to a few hundred. Some reindeer herds can have as many as 100,000 members. The herd is often led by a dominant male. Sometimes the females will have their own herd and the males will have a separate herd. In other cases, a female herd is watched over by a herd of males. Most deer are active throughout the day, though their most active times are around sunrise and dusk. They spend their days foraging for food.

E. Deer are herbivores. It means that they only eat vegetation. For the most part, a deer’s diet consists of grass, moss, small shrubs and leaves, though they will forage in trash bins and in gardens if they cannot find the vegetation they need elsewhere. In the winter, reindeer must dig through the snow to find food. On average, an adult reindeer, for example, eats around 4 to 8 kilograms of vegetation a day. Deer have one main stomach and three “false stomachs.” Like cows, they chew their cud to fully digest their food.

F. According to the Red List of Threatened Species, many deer species are currently endangered. The Pere David’s deer is extinct in the wild and now can only be found in captive populations. The wild reindeer is listed as vulnerable. The wild reindeer and the arctic caribou are migratory, and their habitat crosses territorial and national borders. It will be increasingly important for governments to implement plans that support wildlife and ecosystems that promote positive changes in the deer population in the wild.

G. One of the biggest and most studied herds of reindeer lives on the Taimyr Peninsula, in the northern part of Russia. Monitoring showed that the Taimyr herd reached its peak of 1 million reindeer in 2000, but was reduced to 600,000 by 2016. Weather could be part of the problem. Every year in the spring and fall, this herd migrates from calving ranges on the peninsula to their winter haven in boreal forests. However, climate change has changed the timing of this trek, meaning young calves can still be too small to survive the trip.

A	B	C	D	E	F	G

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2) Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A — F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1 — 7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя.

Beauty of the Cayman Islands The Cayman Islands are some of the most naturally beautiful locations in the Caribbean. The Cayman Islands are three islands made up of Grand Cayman, Little Cayman, and Cayman Brac.

The ocean at sunrise and sunset is the most popular scene with photographers on the Cayman Islands. But these islands are committed to conservation ___ (A), both above and below the water’s surface. There are many protected coral reefs around these tropical islands to explore and enjoy. Some reefs have small holes and cave-like structures ___ (B), like silverside fish that hide in the shadows. In addition to the coral reefs around the islands, the shipwrecks in the nearby waters deserve special attention. The Kittiwake shipwreck is the most unusual one ___ (C), about 76 m long and attracts many tropical fish.

The colourful and colonial architecture of George Town on Grand Cayman is interesting as well. The small duty-free shops and waterfront restaurants along the harbour showcase the life in the village, ___ (D) on the other side of the island.

The Cayman Crystal Caves provide a glimpse into the amazing life on the islands millions of years ago. Water erosion ___ (E) of the islands resulted in spectacular crystal formations. There are three wonderful caves to visit, each with delicate stalactite and stalagmite formations, ___ (F).

1. because it covers a very large area
2. because there is rare beauty to keep
3. which were created one drop at a time
4. that serve as protection for sea life
5. and other attractions of the Cayman Islands
6. which is a contrast to the natural scenery
7. and environmental changes to the landscape

A	B	C	D	E	F

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3) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст

The author thinks that knowing your shopper type will help you …
1) shop more quickly.
2) control your spending.
3) choose things carefully.
4) avoid going shopping.

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4) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст

The author compares a bargain shopper with a racoon (paragraph 2) to illustrate this type’s …
1) passion for sales.
2) good intuition.
3) rare carelessness.
4) intense curiosity.

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5) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст

According to the article, the researcher type finds most pleasure in …
1) taking final decisions.
2) comparing products.
3) reading magazines.
4) making a purchase.

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6) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст

The author defines the impulse buyer as a person who …
1) loves buying beautiful things.
2) gives good advice on shopping.
3) is eager to spend a lot of money.
4) often shops uncontrollably.

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7) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст

The expression set in stone in “no price is set in stone” (paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to …
1) fixed.
2) changeable.
3) affordable.
4) right.

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8) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст

Which shopper type is focused on buying one particular thing?
1) The negotiator.
2) The loyalist.
3) The man on a mission.
4) The impulse buyer.

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9) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст

In the last paragraph the author is trying to …
1) explain how you can change your shopper type.
2) show how some shopper types are better than others.
3) persuade the readers to stop unconscious buying.
4) summarise the differences between different shopper types.