Тест 121. Чтение. ЕГЭ по английскому языку


1) Установите соответствие между заголовками 1 — 8 и текстами A — G. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Life cycle
2. Fascinating facts
3. Distribution and habitat
4. Masters of camouflage
5. Chatty animals
6. Physical features
7. The main threats
8. An economic importance

A. An octopus is a sea animal with eight arms. Octopi live in seas throughout the world. An octopus can change colour quickly depending on its surroundings or its mood. It can be grey, brown, pink, blue, green, or even red if it is suddenly frightened. It can change the colour of its entire body in just three-tenths of a second. But the creature doesn’t simply take on the general pattern of its surroundings. Instead, it often mimics specific undersea objects, like plants or rocks, to disappear into the underwater scenery.

B. Although dolphins look like fish and live in water, they are actually mammals. There are more than 35 species, or types, of dolphins. They are divided into two groups: true dolphins and river dolphins. True dolphins live all over the world in either salt or fresh water. The most widespread species are the common dolphin and the bottlenose dolphin. River dolphins live only in South America and Asia. They prefer freshwater. The Amazon river dolphin is found in the Orinoco and Amazon rivers.

C. Dolphins are known for being intelligent and playful. They use sounds for communication among themselves as members of a school (also called a herd or a pod). Schools may consist of five to several thousand individuals. Often an entire school will function as a unit to accomplish some objective, such as trapping fish. Dolphins have some of the most elaborate acoustic abilities in the animal kingdom. They make a variety of sounds including whistles, clicks, squawks, squeaks, moans, barks, groans and yelps.

D. Unlike most other fish, sharks have skeletons composed of cartilage rather than bone. With a few exceptions, sharks have torpedo-shaped bodies — an efficient, streamlined design for fast-swimming predators. Bottom dwellers tend to be stout and heavy bodied. Sharks normally have tough, grey skin with toothlike scales. Sharks vary in colour from grey to cream, brown, yellow, slate, or blue and are often patterned with spots, bands, or marbling. The whale shark is the largest living fish. It can weigh up to 20 tons.

E. Corals live in all oceans of the world. Reefs are composed of numerous different species of coral. Coral reefs cover less than one percent of the earth’s surface. Certain species of fish spend their life among the corals. Because of the income coming directly from fishing in their waters, reefs provide resources and services worth billions of dollars every year. Millions of people around the world depend on coral reefs for food, protection and employment. These figures are impressive.

F. Corals have barely changed over the last hundred million years. They are the same as they were during dinosaur times. Corals actually comprise an ancient and unique partnership, called symbiosis. Several different types of corals together can form enormous colonies that are called coral reefs. Coral reefs are intriguing things. Coral reefs can grow so large that they can be seen from outer space. Although they only take up a tiny proportion of the world’s ocean, coral reefs contain more than a quarter of all ocean-dwelling creatures.

G. A coral reef is a hard natural structure under the sea that is formed from coral. Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecosystems in the world. Coral reefs only occupy 0.1% of the area of the ocean but they support 25% of all marine species on the planet. People have long used coral skeletons to make jewelry. But this and other human activities have put many corals at risk. Rising ocean temperatures, oil spills, and chemical pollution harm corals. Boats that sail over reefs may also damage corals.

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2) Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A — F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1 — 7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя.

Abramtsevo
Among the beautiful forests of Moscow Region, is the Abramtsevo Estate, which became a meeting point for the most outstanding members of the Russian cultural circle. At different times the estate was visited by Russian writers, ___ (A) Ivan Turgenev. But the estate became most famous due to the painters who worked there: Vasily Polenov, Viktor Vasnetsov, Ilya Repin, Valentin Serov, and Mikhail Vrubel.

In 1870 Savva Mamontov, ___ (B), bought the lovely estate 45 km north of Moscow. There, he hosted a large number of artists, ___ (C). Many artists came there to try their hand at the woodwork and ceramics workshops. Famous musicians of that time performed in Mamontov’s private opera, including Feodor Chaliapin, ___ (D).

Several rooms of the manor house have been preserved intact, complete with artwork by various former resident artists. The main attraction is Mamontov’s cozy dining room, ___ (E) his wife, as well as Valentin Serov’s luminous picture The Girl with Peaches. A striking majolica bench by Mikhail Vrubel is in the garden.

One of the main symbols of the estate is the Saviour Church, ___ (F). It is the prettiest building on the grounds. The structure is a perfect realization of the owner’s intentions to show his deep respect for the 14th-century Novgorod architecture.

1. who made his debut in Abramtsevo
2. which was built between 1881 and 1882
3. including Nikolai Gogol, Leo Tolstoy and
4. which was invented by a famous Russian writer
5. featuring Ilya Repin’s portraits of the patron and
6. who sought inspiration in the gardens and forests
7. who was a railway magnate and patron of the arts

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3) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

Why did the author decide to travel alone?
1) Her friends had job commitments.
2) Her friends were unwilling to travel more widely.
3) The author got tired of constant company.
4) The author had a long vacation.



4) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

Disabling in Paragraph 4 (“The thought was disabling.”) most probably means …
1) hurting.
2) paralyzing.
3) encouraging.
4) exciting.



5) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

What does the author of the essay aim to do?
1) To entertain the reader by telling her story.
2) To describe her personal experience.
3) To show how a song can guide one’s life.
4) To persuade women to travel alone.



6) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

The author cried when finishing her trip because she …
1) was full of emotions.
2) was extremely tired.
3) did not want to leave.
4) admired the city.



7) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

This freedom in Paragraph 7 (“This freedom ended up being one of the most enjoyable aspects of my trip …”) refers to …
1) not recognizing anyone.
2) going out.
3) eating what you want.
4) not being judged by others.



8) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

Which statement about the author’s restaurant experience is FALSE?
1) The thought of dining alone was uncomfortable.
2) The author had a substantial meal.
3) Everyone in the restaurant was dressed casually.
4) The dining experience was unforgettable.



9) Прочитайте текст и запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Показать текст. ⇓

The author was not sure her idea to travel alone was good because …
1) no one she knew ever travelled alone.
2) it is difficult to take photos when you are alone.
3) there was evidence it is dangerous for women.
4) her relatives and friends did not support it.